Whether it is a battery for the latest laptop, energy storage for a hybrid electric vehicle, or backup power for a remote telecommunications site, everyone wants a battery that has the highest energy density, best safety factor, and longest life in term of discharge cycles and ease of maintenance while still being environmentally friendly. These are the drivers behind rechargeable battery research around the world today. Rechargeable batteries, also known as storage batteries, are a continuing strong market, with worldwide sales of $36 billion in 2008. The rechargeable battery market will rise to $51 billion by 2013.
Lithium-ion is the battery chemistry of choice for future generations of portable electronics and hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. In 2008, lithium-ion battery research had more funding than all other battery technologies combined. Nanotechnology and chemistry advances in electrode design are the key research topics that companies are using to push lithium-ion to be the dominant energy storage technology in the future.
The portable rechargeable battery market, of which lithium-ion has a 75% share, is the fastest growing segment of the rechargeable battery market, showing world market growth of 20% in 2008. Nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, still important for power tools and back-up systems, will decline rapidly in market share by 2013 due to stricter environmental controls on cadmium. And Ni-MH will see its market share slowly erode due to increasing lithium-ion market share and new silver-zinc and nickel-zinc rechargeable battery chemistries that are coming to market.
But despite the growing portable rechargeable battery market share, tried and true lead-acid battery technology continues to head rechargeable battery sales with a U.S. rechargeable battery market share of 79% in 2008. Current research using carbon based cathodes means that we will see lead acid batteries hold their traditional stronghold markets of automotive, industrial, and telecommunications backup markets.
Ni-MH hybrid vehicle batteries, which accounted for 1.7% of the world rechargeable battery market in 2008, will grow to hold 4.2% of market share by 2013 and will be shared by Ni-MH and lithium-ion batteries. Large scale batteries, particularly sodium sulfur (NaS), will grow from a $235 million per year market to $900 million a year in 2013 on the growth of increased renewable energy power generation.
There are other possibilities on the energy storage horizon such as ultracapacitors and fuel cells. But the reality of the next five years is that rechargeable batteries will continue to be the energy storage system of choice for portable electronics and power tools, as well expand new markets in motor vehicles and large scale renewable energy systems.
Advanced Rechargeable Battery Market: Emerging Technologies and Trends Worldwide contains comprehensive data on the U.S. and world market for storage batteries, including historical (2002-2008) and forecast (2009-2013) market size data. The report identifies key factors driving battery research, trends affecting the marketplace and market growth, and profiles major marketers and consumer demographics.
Report Methodology
The information in Advanced Rechargeable Battery Market: Emerging Worldwide Trends and Opportunities is based on data from the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Census Bureau, the United Nations Statistics Division, and official census information from Japan, South Korea, Mexico and the United Nations ComTrade database. Other information comes from trade associations such as Battery Council International, business journals, company literature and websites, and research services such as Simmons Market Research Bureau. Trends and recent developments in the industry come directly from personal interviewers with key players in manufacturing, sales, and research and development of rechargeable batteries.
What You’ll Get in This Report
Advanced Rechargeable Battery Market: Emerging Technologies and Trends Worldwide provides a concise, focused look on the world of rechargeable batteries as it exists today, and shows where battery technology is moving towards in the next five years. The report highlights key players in the industry and pinpoints ways current and prospective competitors can capitalize on recent trends and spearhead new ones. No other market research report provides both the comprehensive analysis and extensive data that Advanced Rechargeable Battery Market: Emerging Technologies and Trends Worldwide offers. Plus, you’ll benefit from extensive data, presented in easy-to-read and practical charts, tables and graphs.
How You’ll Benefit from this Report
If your company is already doing business in the rechargeable battery market, or is considering making the leap, you will find this report invaluable, as it provides a comprehensive package of information and insight not offered in any other single source. You will gain a thorough understanding of the current market for all types of storage batteries, as well as projected markets and trends through 2013.
This report will help:
Marketing managers identify market opportunities and develop targeted promotion plans for storage batteries.
Research and development professionals stay on top of competitor initiatives and explore demand for current storage batteries and new emerging storage battery products.
Advertising agencies working with clients in the banking and retail industries understand the product buyer to develop messages and images that compel consumers to buy storage batteries.
Business development executives understand the dynamics of the market and identify possible partnerships.
Information and research center librarians provide market researchers, brand and product managers and other colleagues with the vital information they need to do their jobs more effectively.
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Counties
Chatham
Durham
Franklin
Harnett
Johnston
Orange
Person
Wake
Cities
The Triangle region, as defined for statistical purposes as the Raleigh-Durham-Cary CSA, comprises 8 counties, although the U.S. Census Bureau divided the region into two metropolitan statistical areas and one micropolitan area in 2003. Some local television networks define the region as Raleigh-Durham-Fayetteville. Although Fayetteville, North Carolina, is nearly 50 miles (80 km) from Raleigh’s city limits, it is in the designated market area.
Primary cities
Raleigh, 380,173
Durham, 217,847
Chapel Hill, (Town), 54,492
Suburbs with more than 10,000 inhabitants
Apex
Carrboro
Cary
Clayton
Fuquay-Varina
Garner
Holly Springs
Morrisville
Sanford
Smithfield
Wake Forest
Suburbs with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants
Angier
Bahama
Bear Creek
Bennett
Benson
Bonlee
Bonsal
Buies Creek
Bunn
Bynum
Carbonton
Centerville
Cleveland
Coats
Corinth
Dunn
Efland
Erwin
Fearrington
Feltonville
Four Oaks
Franklinton
Friendship
Goldston
Gorman
Gulf
Haywood
Hillsborough
Hurdle Mills
Kenly
Knightdale
Lillington
Lizard Lick
Louisburg
Mebane
Micro
Moncure
New Hill
Oxford
Pine Level
Pittsboro
Princeton
Rolesville
Rougemont
Roxboro
Saxapahaw
Selma
Siler City
Silk Hope
Timberlake
Wendell
West Smithfield
Wilson’s Mills
Youngsville
Zebulon
Education
Public secondary education in the Triangle is similar to that of the majority of the state of North Carolina, in which there are county-wide school systems (the exception is Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools within Orange County but apart from Orange County Schools). The Wake County Public School System, which includes the cities of Raleigh and Cary, is the largest school system in the state of North Carolina and the 18th largest in the United States, officially recording an enrollment of 139,599 students on the 20th day of the 2009-10 school year. Other larger systems in the region include Durham Public Schools (about 33,000 students) and rapidly growing Johnston County Schools (about 31,000 students).
Institutions of higher education
Duke Chapel at Duke University.
Campbell University
Central Carolina Community College
Duke University
Durham Technical Community College
Meredith College
North Carolina Central University
North Carolina State University
Peace College
Pfeiffer University
Piedmont Community College
Shaw University
St. Augustine’s College
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Vance-Granville Community College
Wake Technical Community College
Sports
College sports
Rameses, mascot of the North Carolina Tar Heels.
With the significant number of universities and colleges in the area and the relative absence of major league professional sports, NCAA sports are very popular, particularly those sports in which the Atlantic Coast Conference excels, most notably basketball, football, and soccer.
The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Tar Heels in Chapel Hill, North Carolina State University Wolfpack in Raleigh, and the Duke University Blue Devils in Durham are all members of the ACC. Rivalries among these schools are very strong, fueled by proximity to each other, with annual competitions in every sport. Adding to the rivalries is the large number of graduates that high schools in the region send to each of the local universities. It is very common for students at one university to know many students attending the other local universities, which increases the opportunities for “bragging” among the schools. The four ACC schools in the state, Duke, North Carolina, North Carolina State, and Wake Forest University are referred to as Tobacco Road by sportscasters, particularly in basketball. All four teams consistently produce high-caliber teams. Each of the Triangle-based universities listed have won at least two NCAA Basketball National Championships.
The East Carolina University Pirates are 75 miles (121 km) away in Greenville, North Carolina. Competitions against East Carolina are popular non-conference contests for many of the schools in the Research Triangle, and the university is considered a rivalry by some fans.
Three historically black colleges, including new Division I member North Carolina Central University and Division II members St. Augustine College and Shaw University also boost the popularity of college sports in the region.
Professional Sports
The region has only one professional team of the four major sports, the Carolina Hurricanes of the NHL, based in Raleigh. Since moving to the Research Triangle region from Hartford, CT, they have enjoyed great success, including winning a Stanley Cup and advancing to the Eastern Conference Finals. With only one top level professional sports option, minor league baseball and other sports are quite popular in the region. The Durham Bulls in Downtown Durham are a AAA Minor League Baseball affiliate of the Tampa Bay Rays, and the Carolina Mudcats, based in Zebulon, 10 miles east of Raleigh, are a AA affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds. In Cary, the Carolina RailHawks are a United Soccer Leagues First Division soccer team.
Commerce
Anchored by leading technology firms, government and world-class universities and medical centers, the area’s economy has performed exceptionally well. Significant increases in employment, earnings, personal income and retail sales are projected over the next 15 years.
The region’s growing high-technology community includes such companies as IBM, SAS Institute, Cisco Systems, Nortel Networks, NetApp and Credit Suisse First Boston. In addition to high-tech, the region is consistently ranked in the top three in the U.S. with concentration in life science companies. Some of these companies include GlaxoSmithKline, Biogen Idec, BASF, Merck & Co., Novo Nordisk, Novozymes, and Wyeth. Research Triangle Park and North Carolina State University’s Centennial Campus in Raleigh support innovation through R&D and technology transfer among the region’s companies and research universities (including Duke University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).
The area has fared relatively well in during the Late-2000s recession ranked as the strongest region in North Carolina by the Brookings Institution and among the top 40 in the country. The change in employment during from 2008 to 2009 was 4.6% and home prices was 2%. The Greensboro metropolitan area was listed among the second weakest and the Charlotte area among the middle in the country.
Major employers
American Airlines
BASF
Bayer
The Body Shop
Burt’s Bees
Cisco Systems
Credit Suisse Group
Duke University
Durham Public Schools
DuPont
Eaton
Fidelity Investments
Environmental Protection Agency
General Electric
GlaxoSmithKline
IBM
LabCorp
Lenovo
Netapp
Nortel Networks
North Carolina State Government (including the University of North Carolina system)
Progress Energy
Qualcomm
Red Hat
Research Triangle Institute
SAS Institute
Sony Ericsson
Syngenta
Teleflex Medical
Toyota
United States Forest Service
Verizon
Wake County Public School System
Major hospitals and medical centers
Duke University Medical Center Patient Rapid Transit monorail train in Durham.
North Carolina Memorial and Children’s hospitals in Chapel Hill.
Durham VA Medical Center in Durham.
The Research Triangle region is served by the following hospitals and medical centers:
Hospitals of the Duke University Health System
Duke Ambulatory Surgery Center (Durham)
Duke Children’s Hospital and Health Center (Durham)
Duke Raleigh Hospital (formerly Raleigh Community Hospital)
Duke University Medical Center (Durham)
Durham Regional Hospital (Durham)
Person Memorial Hospital (Roxboro)
Hospitals of the UNC Health Care system
Chatham Hospital (Siler City)
North Carolina Cancer Hospital (Chapel Hill)
North Carolina Children’s Hospital (Chapel Hill)
North Carolina Memorial Hospital (Chapel Hill)
North Carolina Neurosciences Hospital (Chapel Hill)
North Carolina Women’s Hospital (Chapel Hill)
Rex Hospital (Raleigh)
Hospitals of the WakeMed system
WakeMed Raleigh Campus (formerly Wake Memorial Hospital and Wake Medical Center)
WakeMed Cary Hospital (formerly Western Wake Medical Center)
Other hospitals and medical centers
Dorothea Dix Hospital (Raleigh)
Durham VA Medical Center (Durham)
Franklin Regional Medical Center (Louisburg)
Johnston Memorial Hospital (Smithfield)
Transportation
Freeways and primary designated routes
I-40 passing through RTP.
The Durham Freeway passing through downtown Durham.
The Triangle is served by three major interstate highways: I-40, I-85, and I-95, their spurs: I-440 and I-540, and seven U.S. Routes: 1, 64, 70, 264, 401, and 15 and 501 which are multiplexed through much of the region as US 15-501.
Two of the three interstates diverge from one another in Orange County with I-85 heading northeast through northern Durham County toward Virginia, while I-40 travels southeast through southern Durham, through the center of the region, and serves as the primary freeway through Raleigh. The related loop freeways I-440 and I-540 are primarily located in Wake County around Raleigh. I-440 begins at the interchange of US 1 and I-40 southwest of downtown Raleigh and arcs northward around downtown with the formal designation as the Cliff Benson/Raleigh Beltline (co-signed with US 1 on three-fourths of its northern route) and ends at its junction with I-40 in southeast Raleigh. I-540 has about a third of its route open, but is already sometimes known as the Raleigh Outer Loop. The latest segment of 540 to open has been designated as a state route (NC 540) and not an interstate route, in anticipation of that segment eventually becoming a toll road. The 540 freeway currently serves the southernmost part of Research Triangle Park, Raleigh-Durham International Airport, North Raleigh and city’s nearby northern suburbs before ending in east Raleigh at the US 64-264 Bypass. I-95 serves the extreme eastern edge of the region, crossing south-to-north through suburban Johnston County.
U.S. Routes 1, 15, and 64 primarily serve the region as limited-access freeways or multi-lane highways with access roads. US 1 enters the region from the southwest as the Claude E. Pope Memorial Highway and travels through suburban Apex where it merges with US 64 and continues northeast toward Raleigh. The two highways are co-designated for about 2 miles (3.2 km) until US 1 joins I-440 and US 64 with I-40 along the Raleigh-Cary border. Capital Boulevard, which is designated US 1 for half of its route and US 401 the other is not a limited-access freeway, although it is a major thoroughfare through northeast Raleigh and into the northern downtown area.
North Carolina Highway 147, also known as the Durham Freeway, is a limited-access freeway that connects I-85 with I-40 in southeastern Durham County. The four-lane route traverses downtown Durham and extends through Research Triangle Park. The freeway is often used as a detour alternate route for I-40 in the Chapel Hill area, in cases of traffic accident, congestion or road construction delays.
Public transit
Triangle Transit bus
Chapel Hill Transit bus
A partnering system of multiple public transportation agencies currently serves the Triangle region. Raleigh is served by the Capital Area Transit (CAT) municipal transit system, while Durham has the Durham Area Transit Authority (DATA) system. Chapel Hill is served by Chapel Hill Transit, and Cary is also served by its own public transit systems. However, Triangle Transit, formerly called the Triangle Transit Authority (TTA), works in cooperation with all area transit systems by offering transfers between its own routes and those of the other systems. Triangle Transit also coordinates an extensive vanpool and rideshare program that serves the region’s larger employers and commute destinations.
There are plans to merge all of the area’s municipal systems into Triangle Transit, and Triangle Transit also has proposed a regional rail system to connect downtown Durham and downtown Raleigh with multiple suburban stops as well as stops in the Research Triangle Park area. The agency’s initial proposal was effectively cancelled in 2006, however, when the agency could not procure adequate federal funding. A committee of local business, transportation and government leaders currently are working with Triangle Transit to develop a new transit blueprint for the region, with various modes of rail transit, as well as bus rapid transit, open as options for consideration.
Air
Raleigh-Durham International Airport (RDU)
Main article: Raleigh-Durham International Airport
(IATA: RDU, ICAO: KRDU, FAA LID: RDU)
RDU welcome sign.
American Airlines Boeing 777 touches down at RDU.
Southwest Airlines jet landing at RDU.
The General Assembly of North Carolina chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority in 1939, which would be changed in 1945 to the Raleigh-Durham Airport Authority. The first new terminal opened in 1955. Terminal A (now Terminal 1) opened in 1981. American Airlines began service to RDU in 1985.
RDU opened the 10,000-foot (3,000 m) runway, 5L-23R, in 1986. American Airlines opened its North-South Hub operation at RDU in the new Terminal C in June 1987, greatly increasing the size of RDU’s operations with a new terminal including a new apron and runway. American brought RDU its first international flights to Bermuda, Cancun, Paris and London.
In 1996, American Airlines ceased its hub operations at RDU due to Pan Am and Eastern Airlines. Pan Am and Eastern were Miami’s main tenants until 1991, when both carriers went bankrupt. Their hubs at MIA were taken over by United Airlines and American Airlines. This created a difficulty in competing with US Airways’ hub in Charlotte and Delta Air Lines’ hub in Atlanta for passengers traveling between smaller cities in the North and South. Midway Airlines entered the market, starting service in 1995 with the then somewhat novel concept of 50 seat CRJs providing service from its RDU hub primarily along the east coast. Midway, originally incorporated in Chicago, had some success after moving its operations to the midpoint of the eastern United States at RDU and its headquarters to Morrisville, NC. The carrier ultimately couldn’t overcome three weighty challenges: the arrival of Southwest Airlines, the refusal of American Airlines to renew the frequent flyer affiliation it had with Midway (thus dispatching numerous higher fare paying businesspeople to airlines with better reward destinations), and the significant blow of September 11, 2001. Midway Airlines filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy on August 13, 2001 and ceased operations entirely on October 30, 2003.
In February 2000, RDU was ranked as the nation’s second fastest growing major airport in the United States, by Airports Council International, based on 1999 statistics. Passenger growth hit 24% over the previous year, ranking RDU second only to Washington Dulles International Airport. RDU opened Terminal A south concourse for use by Northwest and Continental Airlines in 2001. The addition added 46,000 square feet (4,300 m2) and five aircraft gates to the terminal. Terminal A became designated as Terminal 1 on October 26, 2008. In 2003, RDU also dedicated a new general aviation (GA) terminal. RDU continues to keep pace with its growth by redeveloping Terminal C into a new state-of the-art terminal, now known as Terminal 2, which opened in October 2008.
Other carriers at RDU International Airport:
Air Canada, the airport’s first international carrier, introduced service to Toronto in 1996.
Southwest Airlines, the nation’s largest low-cost carrier, began service to RDU in 1999.
America West (merged with US Airways in 2005) began service at RDU in 2002 with flights to Phoenix and Las Vegas.
JetBlue began nonstop service between RDU and New York and Boston in 2006, with additional service to Fort Lauderdale, which began in January 2008.
Public general-aviation airports
In addition to RDU, several smaller publicly-owned general-aviation airports also operate in the metropolitan region:
Horace Williams Airport in Chapel Hill
Franklin County Airport (IATA: LHZ, ICAO: KLHZ, FAA LID: LHZ), Louisburg
Johnston County Airport (IATA: JNX, ICAO: KJNX, FAA LID: JNX), Smithfield
Horace Williams Airport (IATA: IGX, ICAO: KIGX, FAA LID: IGX), Chapel Hill
Harnett Regional Jetport (IATA: HRJ, ICAO: KHRJ, FAA LID: HRJ), Erwin
Person County Airport (ICAO: KTDF, FAA LID: TDF), Roxboro
Siler City Municipal Airport (ICAO: K5W8, FAA LID: 5W8), Siler City
Private airfields
There are numerous licensed private general-aviation and agricultural airfields in the region’s suburban areas and nearby rural communities:
Lake Ridge Airport (8NC8) in Durham
Bagwell Airport (FAA LID: NC99), Garner
Ball Airport (FAA LID: 79NC), Louisburg
Barclaysville Field Airport (FAA LID: NC44), Angier
Brooks Field Airport (FAA LID: 8NC6), Siler City
CAG Farms Airport (FAA LID: 87NC), Angier
Charles Field Airport (FAA LID: NC22), Dunn
Cox Airport (FAA LID: NC81), Apex
Crooked Creek Airport (FAA LID: 7NC5), Bunn
Dead Dog Airport (FAA LID: 8NC4), Pittsboro
Deck Airpark Airport (FAA LID: NC11), Apex
Dutchy Airport (FAA LID: 5NC5), Chapel Hill
Eagle’s Landing Airport (FAA LID: 9NC8), Pittsboro
Field of Dreams Airport (FAA LID: 51NC), Zebulon
Fuquay/Angier Field Airport (FAA LID: 78NC), Fuquay-Varina
Hinton Field Airport (FAA LID: NC72), Princeton
Kenly Airport (FAA LID: 7NC3), Kenly
Lake Ridge Aero Park Airport (FAA LID: 8NC8), Durham
Miles Airport (FAA LID: NC34), Chapel Hill
North Raleigh Airport (FAA LID: 00NC), Louisburg
Peacock Stolport Airport (FAA LID: 4NC7), Garner
Raleigh East Airport (FAA LID: 9NC0), Knightdale
Riley Field Airport (FAA LID: 1NC5), Bunn
Ron’s Field Ultralight Airport (FAA LID: 1NC1), Pittsboro
Triple W Airport (ICAO: K5W5, FAA LID: 5W5), Raleigh
Womble Field Airport (FAA LID: 3NC9), Chapel Hill
Heliports
The following licensed heliports serve the Research Triangle region:
NC92 helipad at Duke University Medical Center
Betsy Johnson Memorial Hospital Heliport (FAA LID: NC96), Dunnublicly owned; medical service
Duke University North Heliport (ICAO: NC92, FAA LID: NC92), Durhamrivately owned; public medical service
Garner Road Heliport (FAA LID: 3NC2), Raleighublicly owned; state government service
Holly Green Heliport (FAA LID: 83NC), Durhamrivate
Sky-5 Heliport (FAA LID: 3NC2), Raleighrivate, owned by WRAL-TV
Sprint MidAtlantic Telecom Heliport (FAA LID: 11NC), Youngsvillerivate; corporate service
Wake Medical Center Heliport (FAA LID: 0NC4), Raleighublicly owned; medical service
Western Wake Medical Center Heliport (FAA LID: 04NC), Caryublicly owned; medical service
A number of helipads (i.e. marked landing sites not classified under the FAA LID system) also serve a variety of additional medical facilities (such as UNC Hospitals in Chapel Hill), as well as private, corporate and governmental interests, throughout the region.
Shopping
Notable shopping centers and malls:
Northgate Mall in Durham
Brier Creek (Raleigh)
Brightleaf Square (Durham)
Cameron Village (Raleigh)
Carolina Premium Outlets (Smithfield)
Cary Towne Center (Cary)
Crabtree Valley Mall (Raleigh)
Crossroads Plaza (Cary)
Northgate Mall (Durham)
North Hills (Raleigh)
South Square Mall – defunct (Durham)
The Streets at Southpoint (Durham)
Triangle Towne Center (Raleigh)
University Mall (Chapel Hill)
Notable locally based or independent retailer:
A Southern Season – the nation’s largest gourmet retailer (Chapel Hill)
Entertainment
Film Festivals and Events:
Flicker Film Festival – Carrboro
Full Frame Documentary Film Festival – Durham
Escapism Film Festival – Durham
Retrofantasma Film Festival – Durham
Nevermore Film Festival – Durham
North Carolina Gay and Lesbian Film Festival – Durham
Notable Performing Arts and Music Venues:
The Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion at Walnut Creek – Raleigh
Koka Booth Amphitheatre at Regency Park – Cary
Progress Energy Center for the Performing Arts – Downtown Raleigh
RBC Center – Raleigh
Durham Performing Arts Center – Durham
Theatre and Dance Events:
American Dance Festival – Durham
Media
Print
Numerous newspapers and periodicals serve the Triangle market.
Paid and subscription
Offices of The Herald-Sun in Durham.
The News & Observer, the major daily Raleigh newspaper and the region’s largest, with a significant regional and statewide readership (especially to the east of the Triangle).
The Herald-Sun, the major daily Durham newspaper.
The Durham News, a weekly community newspaper serving Durham County.
The Cary News, a weekly community newspaper serving suburban Cary and western Wake County.
Garner News, the weekly community newspaper for suburban Garner in southern Wake County.
The Apex Herald, the weekly community newspaper for suburban Apex in western Wake County.
Holly Springs Sun, the weekly community newspaper for suburban Holly Springs in southwestern Wake County.
Cleveland Post, the weekly community newspaper for suburban Cleveland and nearby northwestern Johnston and southern Wake counties.
Fuquay-Varina Independent, the weekly community newspaper for suburban Fuquay-Varina in southwestern Wake County.
The Wake Weekly, a weekly community newspaper serving suburban Wake Forest, northern Wake County and southern Franklin County.
The Chapel Hill News, a biweekly community newspaper serving Chapel Hill, suburban Orange County and northeastern Chatham County
The Chatham Journal, the weekly community newspaper for suburban Pittsboro and surrounding Chatham County.
The Clayton News-Star, a weekly community newspaper for suburban Clayton and western Johnston County.
The Daily Record, the daily community newspaper for suburban Dunn and surrounding Harnett County.
The Courier-Times, the semiweekly community newspaper for suburban Roxboro and Person County.
The Triangle Business Journal, a weekly regional economic journal.
Chapel Hill Magazine, a local bi-monthly magazine that serves 12,500 households and 1,600 businesses of Chapel Hill, Carrboro, Hillsborough and northern Chatham County.
Free
The Independent Weekly, a free weekly regional independent journal published in Durham.
The Carolina Journal, a monthly free regional newspaper published in Raleigh.
The Raleigh Downtowner, a free monthly magazine for downtown Raleigh and environs.
The Raleigh Hatchet, a free monthly magazine.
The Daily Tar Heel, the free weekday (during the regular academic year) student newspaper at UNC-Chapel Hill.
The Technician, the free weekday (during the regular academic year) student newspaper at NC State University in Raleigh.
The Chronicle, a free daily newspaper for (but independent of) Duke University and its surrounding community in Durham.
The Blotter, a free monthly regional literary journal.
Fifteen-501, a free magazine for the Durham-Chapel Hill area (named for nearby U.S. Route 15-501).
Acento Latino, a free Spanish-language weekly regional newspaper published in Raleigh.
Online only
The Raleigh Telegram, a free daily news source for the greater Raleigh area.
The Wake Forest Gazette, a free weekly news site for items of local Wake Forest Interest
Television
Broadcast
The Triangle is part of the Raleigh-Durham-Fayetteville Designated Market Area for broadcast television, which currently is home to the following television stations:
WUNC-TV (4), the PBS affiliate and viewer-supported flagship station of the University of North Carolina television network.
WRAL-TV (5), the CBS affiliate, licensed to Capitol Broadcasting Company.
WTVD-TV (11), the ABC affiliate, owned by ABC/Walt Disney Company.
WNCN-TV (17), the NBC affiliate, owned by Media General.
WLFL-TV (22), the CW affiliate, owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group.
WTNC-LP (26), the Telefutura affiliate, owned by Univision Communications, Inc.
WRDC-TV (28), the My Network TV affiliate, owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group.
WRAY-TV (30), an independent station, owned by Multicultural Broadcasting.
WUVC-TV (40), the Univision affiliate, owned by Univision Communications, Inc.
WRPX-TV (47), the Pax/ION affiliate (Raleigh-Durham), owned by ION Media Networks.
WRAZ-TV (50), the Fox affiliate, which is operated by Capitol Broadcasting Company.
Cable
Raleigh is home to the Research Triangle Region bureau of the regional cable news channel News 14 Carolina.
Online
The Triangle region hosted North Carolina’s first online television station, RTP-TV (Research Triangle Park Television), which broadcast news and programs of regional interest over the Internet from its Research Triangle Park location until ceasing operations in 2006.
Radio
The Triangle is home to North Carolina Public Radio, a public radio station/NPR provider that brings in listeners around the country. Raleigh and a large part of the Triangle area is Arbitron radio market #43. Stations include:
FM stations:
88.1 FM WKNC (NCSU) College Radio from N.C. State University
88.5 FM WRTP (RTN) Christian (“His Radio WRTP”)
88.7 FM WXDU (DU) College Radio from Duke University
88.9 FM WSHA (SU) NPR/Jazz from Shaw University
89.3 FM WXYC (UNC) College Radio from UNC-Chapel Hill
89.7 FM WCPE Classical & Opera Music
90.7 FM WNCU (NCCU) NPR/Jazz from N.C. Central University
91.1 FM W216BN (RTN) Christian (“His Radio WRTP”)
91.5 FM WUNC (UNC) NPR affiliate from UNC-Chapel Hill
92.5 FM WYFL (BBN) Christian Programs from Bible Broadcasting Network
93.9 FM WKSL (CC) Rhythmic Adult Contemporary (“93.9, Kiss FM”)
94.7 FM WQDR (CMG) Country (“94.7 QDR”)
96.1 FM WBBB (CMG) Rock (“96 Rock”)
96.7 FM WKRX Country (“Kickin’ Country”)
96.9 FM WYMY (CMG) Spanish (“La Ley 96.9″)
97.5 FM WQOK (R1) Hip Hop (“K-97.5″)
98.9 FM W255AM (RTN) Christian (“His Radio WRTP”)
99.9 FM WCMC (CBC) Sports (“99.9 The Fan ESPN Radio”)
100.7 FM WRVA (CC) Classic Rock (“100.7, The River”)
101.1 FM WZTK (CMG) Talk(“FM Talk 101.1″)
101.5 FM WRAL (CBC) Adult Contemporary (“Mix 101.5″)
102.5 FM WKXU (NCM) Country (“Kicks 102.5″)
102.9 FM WWMY (CMG) Oldies (“Y-102.9″)
103.3 FM WAKG (PB) Country (“103.3 WAKG”)
103.9 FM WNNL (R1) Urban Gospel (“103.9, The Light”)
104.3 FM WFXK (R1) Urban Adult Contemporary (“Foxy 104″)
105.1 FM WDCG (CC) Pop and Contemporary Hits (“G-105″)
106.1 FM WRDU (CC) Country (“Rooster Country”)
106.7 FM WKVK (EMF) Contemporary Christian
107.1 FM WFXC (R1) Urban Adult Contemporary (“Foxy 107″)
107.7 FM W299AQ (RTN) Christian (“His Radio WRTP”)
107.9 FM WVDJ-LP Community Radio
107.9 FM W300AR (RTN) Christian (“His Radio WRTP”)
AM stations:
540 AM WETC Spanish
570 AM WDOX Talk, Sports & Music (“570 WDOX”)
620 AM WDNC Sports(“620, The Bull”)
680 AM WPTF News, Talk & Sports (“News/Talk 680, WPTF”)
750 AM WAUG Urban Programming from St. Augustine’s College
850 AM WRBZ Sports (“850, The Buzz”)
1030 AM WDRU Christian (“The Truth, 1030″)
1240 AM WPJL Christian
1310 AM WTIK Spanish
1360 AM WCHL News, Talk & Sports
1410 AM WRJD Urban Gospel
1430 AM WRXO Country (“Oldies 1430″)
1490 AM WDUR Spanish
1530 AM WLLQ Spanish
1550 AM WCLY Urban Gospel
1590 AM WHPY Christian
Map of the Triangle
Primary cities and towns
A – Raleigh
B – Durham
C – Chapel Hill
D – Cary
E – Morrisville
F – Apex
G – Holly Springs
H – Fuquay-Varina
I – Garner
J – Knightdale
K – Wendell
L – Zebulon
M – Rolesville
N – Wake Forest
O – Hillsborough
P – Carrboro
Q – Pittsboro
R – Clayton
S – Youngsville
T – Franklinton
U – Creedmoor
V – Stem
W – Butner
Counties
1 – Wake
2 – Durham
3 – Orange
4 – Chatham
5 – Harnett
6 – Johnston
7 – Franklin
8 – Granville
Parks and bodies of water
a – Research Triangle Park
b – Umstead State Park
c – Jordan Lake
d – Haw River
e – Harris Lake
f – Lake Wheeler
g – Lake Benson
h – Falls Lake
Interstate highways
1 – I-40/I-85
2 – I-85
3 – I-40
4 – I-440
5 – I-540
Other major highways
1 – US 15
2 – US 1
3 – US 401
4 – US 64
5 – US 70
6 – US 401
7 – US 1
8 – US 15-501
9 – US 64
10 – US 70
11 – US 501
12 – NC 147
13 – US 64-264
14 – US 64 Business
Rankings
1 High Tech Region (Raleigh-Durham) — “Daring To Compete: A Region-to-Region Reality Check,” Silicon Valley Leadership Group, September 16, 2005
Top 10 Utility Company (Duke Power) – Site Selection, September 2005
12 Top Real Estate Market (Raleigh-Durham) — Expansion Management, August 2005
10 Top Venture Capital State (North Carolina) — Moran Stahl & Boyer LLC, Site Selection, July 2005
2 of the Top Business Opportunity Metros (Durham MSA, Raleigh-Cary MSA) — 2005 Mayor’s Challenge “Top Business Opportunity Metros”, Expansion Management, July 11, 2005
1 City (Greater Raleigh-Durham) for Biotechnology — “The Greater Philadelphia Life Sciences Cluster”, Milken Institute, June 2005
2 City (Greater Raleigh-Durham) for Life Sciences Human Capital — “The Greater Philadelphia Life Sciences Cluster”, Milken Institute, June 2005
4 City (Greater Raleigh-Durham) for Life Sciences Workforce — “The Greater Philadelphia Life Sciences Cluster”, Milken Institute, June 2005
17 Best Running City in America (Raleigh) — Runner’s World, MSN, June, 2005
5 U.S. Life Sciences Clusters (Greater Raleigh-Durham) — Milken Institute, June 2005
1 South’s State of the Year (North Carolina) — Southern Business & Development, June 20, 2005
One of Top 10 University Markets that Has Its Act Together (Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill) — Southern Business & Development, Summer 2005
2 Best Place (Raleigh-Durham) for Business & Careers — Forbes, May 5, 2005
5 Best Knowledge Worker Metro (Raleigh-Cary MSA) — “Knowledge Worker Quotient”, Expansion Management, May 2005
8 Most Unwired City (Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill) — Intel’s 3rd Annual “Most Unwired Cities” survey, May 2005
9 Top State (North Carolina) in Nanotechnology — Small Times, March 2005
9 Top Business State (North Carolina) — 2004 Governor’s Cup, Site Selection, March 2005
Top Small Business Towns in the U.S. (Dunn, #82) — Site Selection, March 2005
8 Hottest Labor Market (Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill) — American City Business Journal, TBJ, March 11, 2005
1 Best Place to Work (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, RTP), # 4 (NIEHS) and # 1 Academic Institution (UNC-Chapel Hill) for Postdocs — “Best Places to Work for Postdocs: 2005″, The Scientist, February 14, 2005
4 Top Pro-Business State (North Carolina) — “Pollina Corporate Top 10 Pro-Business States for 2005: Keeping Jobs in America”, Pollina Corporate Real Estate, Inc., 2005
4 Best State (North Carolina) in Health Care and Availability — “Health Care Cost Quotient”, Expansion Management, February, 2005
34 Top Metro (Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill) for Job Growth & High Tech Output — Outlook, February, 2005
17 America’s Hottest Cities (Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill) — Expansion Management, November 2004
1 of America’s Most Entrepreneurial Campuses (UNC-Chapel Hill) — Forbes, October 22, 2004
3 Best Places to Live in America — Forbes, 2003
See also
I-85 Corridor
I-40
Piemdont Atlantic
Piedmont Crescent
Piedmont Triad
References
^ “American FactFinder”. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
^ Snipes, Cameron (June 17, 2009). “Brookings report ranks Raleigh-Cary strongest metro in N.C.”. Triangle Business Journal. http://www.bizjournals.com/triangle/stories/2009/06/15/daily31.html. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
^ “North Carolina Hospitals and Medical Centers”. The Agape Center. http://theagapecenter.com/Hospitals/North-Carolina.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
^ “Regional Transit Needs: Next Steps”. TTA Web Site. http://www.ridetta.org/Regional_Rail/Overview/3-07LatestTransitNeeds.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-04.
^ Raleigh-Durham International Airport
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2007)
External links
Greater Raleigh Chamber of Commerce
Research Triangle
Google maps
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Larger cities
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Smaller cities
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Major towns
Beaufort | Boone | Carrboro | Clayton | Cornelius | Dunn | Fuquay-Varina | Garner | Harrisburg | Holly Springs | Hope Mills | Huntersville | Indian Trail | Kernersville | Knightdale | Leland | Matthews | Midland | Mint Hill | Mooresville | Morehead City | Morrisville | Mount Pleasant | Oxford | Shallotte | Smithfield | Southern Pines | Tarboro | Wake Forest
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Greater Raleigh Metropolitan Region (Raleigh-Durham-Cary CSA)
Principal cities
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Categories: Research Triangle, North Carolina | Metropolitan areas of North Carolina | High-technology business districtsHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from August 2007 | All articles needing additional references
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“Breast cancer research is making a serious headway in its quest to find ways to prevent the disease. New drug therapies may help save millions of lives.”
One out of every eight women in the world battles with breast cancer during her lifetime. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the United States. Causes of breast cancer remain unknown, and its symptoms show up late in many cases. As the age increases, the risk of breast cancer increases in women. But there are new breakthroughs in medical research and there is renewed hope of a cure that can save millions of lives.
Biphosphonates May Prevent Breast Cancer
Biphosphonates are commonly used drugs to treat osteoporosis. A study funded by the U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH) has revealed that these drugs may inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. The study found out in its research sample of about 3,000 women that the ones who had used biphosphonates for the maximum period of time cut down their breast cancer risk by nearly two-fifths. However, this result was observed only in women who did not suffer from obesity.
There have been positive reactions to the study from other cancer research organizations in Europe. However, most leading researchers are of the opinion that these findings need to be made more conclusive with more detailed testing in women who are at a higher risk of the disease.
New Preventive Drug in the Pipeline
The Scottish Funding Council and Breakthrough Breast Cancer funded a study conducted by researchers at University of Edinburg that may lead to the development of a new drug. The drug may help to prevent breast cancer in about 20 percent of the patients. About half the breast cancer tumors are known to produce C35 protein, which is suspected to one of the causes of breast cancer.
The new research is working on some chemical agents that may prevent the production of C35 protein. The test results in their initial stages have been positive, but the formulation of a drug for human consumption is still some time away. It is critical to reach a chemical agent that works without causing any harm to the human body, which is the main thrust of the research.
Vaccine to Prevent Breast Cancer
Scientists at Cleveland Clinic’s Lerner Institute in Ohio have made a path-breaking discovery that may finally result in a preventive vaccine against breast cancer. The vaccine that has been in developmental stages for nearly one decade has finally achieved success in preventing the disease in a test group of mice. In addition to preventing the disease, the vaccine also worked to remove the existing tumors in the mice.
Cleveland Clinic is gearing up to seek clearance from the regulatory authorities for human trials of the vaccine. The preventive vaccine would be aimed at all women over the age of 40. Nature Medicine journal has reported the findings of this research with personal interviews of the Cleveland Clinic research team.
Read on
What’s Wrong With Breast Cancer Awareness Month
October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, which again fills the stores with pink products and pink ribbons. But many people with breast cancer are feeling exploited.
Drug to Combat Breast Cancer in African-American Women
Scientists at Northwestern University experimented with a combination of anti-cancer drug therapy called arsenic trioxide with nanotechnology, which has resulted in new drug with positive results against a specific type of breast cancer. This is a highly aggressive breast cancer known as triple negative, which has a high prevalence among African-American women.
This cancer spreads rapidly and usually the patient has low chances of survival. However, the new drug therapy uses nanotechnology to send arsenic through the blood without letting the body be harmed. Arsenic gets directly delivered to the cancerous cells, and avoids the healthy cells. So the new delivery mechanism has led to a new hope not just for breast cancer, but for several other types of cancer as well.
Fish Oil Supplements May Help to Prevent Breast Cancer
The Journal of Cancer, Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention has published the results of a new study that shows the positive effect of fish oils in prevention of breast cancer. The extensive 6-year study involving over 35,000 women, conducted by researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, has indicated that fish oil supplements can reduce the breast cancer risk among post-menopausal women by about one-third.
The research believes its findings are interesting, but further research is essential to arrive at any conclusive judgment that fish oil is actually responsible for prevention of this disease. Fish oil may help to reduce inflammation in the breast cells, which in turn may prevent the cells from becoming cancerous.
Sources:
Cancer.gov “Breast Cancer” (Accessed on July 17, 2010)
Nlm.nih.gov “Breast Cancer” (Accessed on July 17, 2010)
BreastCancer.Org “Research News” (Accessed on July 17, 2010)
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IBM jointly, MD, and researchers start date 100 million U.S. dollars of research projects
IBM today announced that the company plans a number of companies recruiting top scientific Dell Inspiron 9300 Battery and technical personnel to help medical staff to patients and insurance companies to provide high quality, evidence-based health care services. As part of the project, IBM is employing a number of medical doctor and the scientists working together for the health and insurance organizations to develop new technologies and research and development, to improve their business processes.
The project is expected to invest the next three years 100 million U.S. dollars of special funds, and the use of IBM systems integration, services, research, cloud computing, analysis and emerging (such as nanotechnology medicine, and computational biology) the areas of leading-edge technology to drive Yi Liao innovation, and help doctors to more of their focus on patient care work.
More than 100 global nine from IBM Research and located in Melbourne, Australia and Taiwan, including Taipei and other areas of joint research institute scientists and researchers have devoted themselves to the project into. As part of the project, IBM want to hire a number of physicians, clinicians, nurses, engineers, economists and social scientists involved. In addition, the company will be looking for new and business, government and university joint research between the partners. IBM will mainly focus on the following three areas:
produce evidence that the use of scientific method to medical data into the original effective medical evidence, after the nursing process in accordance with specific environmental and personal circumstances, use the evidence to treat patients;
simplify the health care delivery processes, improve service quality;
new incentives and model, the health care system into a patient-based outcomes and health status of the system to reward, not just a system to provide treatment and care.
With this new research project, the patient data privacy and security issues will be properly handled, and with the current line of medical and regulatory requirements.
IBM Institute for Medical Chalapathy Neti, global head of restructuring said: “Improving health care quality requires more than just the number of medical data. In fact, the surge in many diagnostic techniques have increased complexity, which we obtained in the field of health care has value things more difficult. to promote the cooperation between medical institutions, medical data into clinical decision-making of intelligent instruments, will greatly improve the treatment effect of patients, reduce the current Acer Aspire 1680 battery cost of medical services. “
Promote the adoption of medical evidence
Today, early diagnosis (to detect the disease and identify potential health risks test) can be the treatment of patients with early stages of intervention for clinicians to provide much information. Obtained from these tests the original data, can be converted to “medical evidence” or clinicians important information needed. As time moves on, the situation of accumulation of digital information, doctors must be able to comprehensive analysis of such large amounts of data from different sources. These data include: patient demographic data, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram (EKG), echo the treatment of graphics, data, and physician recommendations. Medical use of these data can be informed of the overall disease situation in order to make more informed treatment of judgments and decisions.
IBM researchers around the world to cooperate in various fields, in order to bring more evidence-based patient-based treatment. Current research areas include:
computer scientists and cardiologists work together to create a new system, the system can help identify patients with symptoms of the body difficult to identify patterns and characteristics, the diagnosis, comparing results of different treatments and the final results, provide more in-depth insight.
research officer with the European super-gene associations (European HYPERGENES consortium) to cooperate in a unified disease by Gou Jian view and a comprehensive genetic epidemiological models, the genome contribute to enhancing the accuracy of the factors Zhenduan are taken into account to be identified the blood pressure and organ damage associated with genetic variation for individual patients with hypertension introduced a early detection, prevention and treatment of the latest strategy.
When patients with chronic diseases taking multiple medications, and the global aging population to the health care system to new challenges and increase the burden. IBM’s scientists and mathematicians are using data mining, information management and advanced analysis capabilities to build a more easily understood and can be resolved and the role of adverse drug reaction systems to physicians and patients to provide reference to guide them way deal with the disease.
In China, IBM and the Beijing University People’s Hospital created a treatment based on clinical evidence-based medicine solutions. The program concerns the treatment of chronic diseases, integrated management, including patient health, the best practice of medical diagnosis, treatment, and more view of the field, to make clinical decisions for the doctors to provide a strong support.
scientists combining nanotechnology and biology of deep expertise, developed for the latest application of personalized medicine. Researchers have begun looking to the future development of medical diagnostic tests to provide rapid SONY VGP-BPS9 battery and precise analysis of biological samples, testing of various diseases. IBM is also collaborating with the Swiss company Roche to jointly develop technology based on nano-holes quickly and effectively read the human DNA and its sequencing, resulting in more personalized ways of diagnosis and treatment.
Improve service quality, create a new incentive model
Although the treatment has been improved, but the relationship between people and insurance companies still obstacles, and there are problems in many areas. Evolving standards and safety requirements, making the relationship between patients and insurance companies become more complex, cost tracking and management decision-making becomes more difficult. Health care providers, doctors and nurses should work closely to improve service efficiency, improve medical safety, led to the creation of new service models, to promote patient-centered services, which should not only focus on the care. To achieve this goal, IBM’s own application possess the knowledge and business process transformation to provide high quality service experience, to improve the existing health care services.
For example, IBM and National Accounts Service Company (NASCO) to cooperate, to help the company’s welfare and operations teams quickly and accurately with the claims process rules to make changes, rapid response to evolving norms, policies and patients margin rules, on a regular basis with medical benefits synchronization scheme. These changes are very complex and small changes everywhere will bring the results of a series of accidents that may make effective health care claims was denied, or the amount of compensation and error situation. IBM and NASCO together by examining the existing payment norms and rules of the ideas with the industry and the structure of the corresponding comparison in order to achieve Peifu traceability scheme. The team has invented a different code sequences can be translated into English, the technology to analyze these sequences, the similarity of the functional group, and use the data visualization methods show the translated code. Use of IBM in the analysis of complex, large-scale IT systems expertise, the scientists for the NASCO offers a way to improve research methods of payment claims, while improving flexibility, you can on the new or changed regulations and market demands of medical make an effective response.
With in-depth analysis and mathematical analysis of optimization technology, IBM researchers are exploring the best practices based on the payment mode, the patient level, positive results, the level of health of a large-scale population analysis. These efforts can accelerate the process of converting the existing health care system, pay the service charge from a current mode switch to encourage disease prevention and health patterns.
IBM’s research staff research work over the years has been committed to a wide range of sources to collect and link, and these data were analyzed, so that governments, businesses and individuals for greater understanding of what initiatives will enhance the level of human health. Through advanced modeling and simulation technology, the team investigated and simulated in agriculture, transport, urban planning, food and exercise habits, socioeconomic status, family life and more causal relationship between factors in order to determine what type we need incentives or investment, and how to arrange the priorities between them.
IBM using its own scientific and technological achievements and medical HP pavilion ze4400 Battery companies to promote the progress of medical and health history can be traced back to the 20th century 50s. In the last 10 centuries, IBM and Scripps Research Institute to cooperate, in-depth understanding of how the pandemic virus mutation; also cooperate with European universities to develop better HIV antiretroviral therapy and the World Community Grid (World Community Grid), and completed a number of the cancer, AIDS and dengue fever, the medical breakthrough innovative projects.
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According to the bible, in the last days, a unified global government will rule the world. The head of this global government, the Antichrist, is one of the more infamous figures in human history, and not a single individual on the face of the earth will lie outside of his jurisdiction:
”And he was given authority to rule over every tribe and people and language and nation.” Revelation 13:7 (NLT)
This global government will emerge in our generation because current technological trends will soon make it inevitable. The catalyst for this consolidation of global political power will be the development of molecular manufacturing (MM), a revolutionary technology of unprecedented capability and strength. It’s a technology that could arrive as soon as tomorrow and almost certainly will arrive within the next decade.
Molecular Manufacturing and Geopolitical Instability
International relations since World War II have largely been shaped by the existence of nuclear weapons. Likewise, the era to come will largely be shaped by the existence of molecular manufacturing. The development of MM will have a much more significant impact than the development of atomic weapons, and the stakes will be much higher. This is because world domination could easily be achieved with the creation of molecular manufacturing.
MM is the ability to manufacture products from the bottom up, one molecule at a time, with atomic precision. The development of MM will lead to the creation of the personal nanofactory, a desktop appliance capable of creating everyday products from basic feedstock (molecules). The consequences of such a technology are so profound, they are probably beyond the ability of a single individual to comprehend.
Since a nanofactory is capable of self-replication, the first could manufacture a duplicate copy of itself. Those two then become four, become eight, and so on. As a result, this compounding capital base could create a massive and decisive military force within days. As Dr. K. Eric Drexler described in his book, Engines of Creation, “a state that makes the assembler breakthrough could rapidly create a decisive military force – if not literally overnight, then at least with unprecedented speed.”
The Circumvention of MAD
Since the Soviet Union emerged as the world’s second nuclear power in 1949, international stability has been built on the concept of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD). The prospect of MAD has successfully prevented the eruption of World War III by making a potential military conflict between nuclear powers equally undesirable to each party involved. This has led many to believe that victory in such a conflict is unattainable. With current technology, this assumption is probably correct. However, once molecular manufacturing emerges, this will no longer be true. A MM-enabled power could easily circumvent MAD.
A nation in possession of nanofactories is capable of rapidly manufacturing and deploying billions of microscopic/macroscopic machines at relatively little cost. These machines could comb the oceans for enemy submarines and quickly disable the nuclear arsenals they carry. Similar acts of sabotage could be carried out simultaneously against land-based nuclear facilities and conventional military forces in a matter of hours, if not minutes. Rendering its enemies utterly defenseless, the MM-enabled nation could conquer at will without fear of nuclear retaliation.
The Race Toward Molecular Manufacturing
The development of molecular manufacturing opens the door for its initial user to completely dominate world affairs. A nation equipped with contemporary technology attempting to defend itself against a MM-enabled nation is akin to a small band of cavemen armed with rocks and spears attempting to overpower a modern day army.Given the stakes involved, it’s reasonable to believe multiple nations are currently in pursuit of a molecular manufacturing capability – just as Germany, Japan, and the United States covertly and simultaneously pursued the creation of an atomic bomb.
If Germany had been the first to succeed in the development of atomic weaponry, it’s almost certain that Hitler would’ve used this advantage to drive the Allied Forces from the European Continent, perhaps totally defeating the United States in the process. In contrast, the United States, as the world’s first nuclear power, could’ve used its position to prevent rival nations from acquiring the same capability. In fact, the United States could’ve used its position to create an impregnable world empire.
In similar fashion, the leading MM-enabled nation can create its own empire if it uses its initial advantage to prevent competing nation states from developing a molecular manufacturing capability of their own. However, in all probability, this is not just one of several options, but the only option. Unlike, the nuclear era, the prospect of MM proliferation is simply intolerable.
This is because of the inherent instability of an arms race between competing MM-enabled nation states. This nightmarish prospect is identified by The Center for Responsible Nanotechnology as one of the foremost dangers posed by molecular manufacturing:
”The nuclear arms race was stable for several reasons. In virtually every way, the nano-arms race will be the opposite. Nuclear weapons are hard to design, hard to build, require easily monitored testing, do indiscriminate and lasting damage, do not rapidly become obsolete, have almost no peaceful use, and are universally abhorred. Nano capability will be easy to build (given a nanofactory), will allow easily concealable testing, will be relatively easy to control and deactivate, would become obsolete very rapidly, almost every design is dual-use, and peaceful and non-lethal (police) use will be common. Nukes are easier to stockpile than to use; nano weapons are the opposite.”
CRN also agrees that a molecular manufacturing monopoly will be an attractive policy option for the nation that first develops molecular manufacturing:
”Each nation will see only a few possibilities: 1) an arms race that will probably be unwinnable since it will develop into a disastrous war; 2) developing ahead of everyone else and establishing dominance; 3) some other nation developing earlier and establishing dominance; 4) international cooperation and trust sufficient to ensure safety; 5) a multinational organization willing and able to keep the peace.”
”Option 1 is undesirable; Option 3 is probably unthinkable for any of the current large powers; Option 5 is probably unacceptable to the U.S., as the world’s sole superpower; Option 4 may be seen as unfeasible. Only one nation can succeed at Option 2. This implies that a preemptive strike option (whether military attack, or sabotage or derailment of nanotech development efforts) will appear very attractive to a number of powerful nations.”
If Option 4 were feasible, then we would have world peace now. Option 5 is only feasible if the multinational organization in question is given sufficient authority and military power to disarm and regulate the nations of the world. By definition, this would be a global government.
So, essentially, once molecular manufacturing is developed, the developing nation has two options:
1) Conquer competing nations so as to prevent them from constructing a rival MM capability.
2) Given the available options, it should come as no surprise that world domination will win out.
The Inevitability of Global Government
Once the leading MM-enabled power uses its advantage to destroy the potential molecular manufacturing capability of suspected rivals, it will then face a much tougher decision: how to go about governing the world. The leading nation will need to institute some form of a global regulatory body to insure that molecular manufacturing does not fall into the wrong hands. Only two choices seem viable:
1) Federalism – a centralized governing authority that oversees the entire world population.
2) Confederation – a loosely associated collection of states who work together to administer world government.
Option 2 would still require a leading authority to maintain a monopoly on molecular manufacturing and extinguish any attempts to create a rival power – whether that power be a nation, a group, or an individual. As a result, both options inevitably lead to a centralized global government – a global government that must maintain constant vigilance toward the possible threat of an emerging power.
Why All This Is Relevant
Okay, so global government is imminent and inevitable. What’s the big deal, you ask? The reason this is such a big deal is revealed in the bible. Centuries ago, the bible predicted that a global government would arise in the last days, just prior to . And this global government will only appear on the world scene in parallel with the Antichrist, so we can’t speculate that it will exist for an undetermined time period before he appears:
”His ten horns are ten kings who have not yet risen to power; they will be appointed to their kingdoms for one brief moment to reign with the beast. They will all agree to give their power and authority to him.” Revelation 17:12-13 (NLT)
Global government comes about as a direct result of ten kings freely providing their power and authority to a centralized global government. The establishment of this global government, and the rise of the Antichrist to administer it, is a monumental sign which heralds the soon return of Jesus Christ to establish His Kingdom on Earth.
The apostle Paul cited the appearance of the Antichrist as a necessary precondition for the “day of the Lord”:
”Now, dear brothers and sisters, let us clarify some things about the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and how we will be gathered to meet him. Don’t be so easily shaken or alarmed by those who say that the day of the Lord has already begun. Don’t believe them, even if they claim to have had a spiritual vision, a revelation, or a letter supposedly from us. Don’t be fooled by what they say. For that day will not come until there is a great rebellion against God and the man of lawlessness is revealed – the one who brings destruction.” 2 Thessalonians 2:1-3 (NLT)
Conclusion
Although the “day of the Lord” (i.e., the glorious appearing of Jesus Christ) will not occur until the man of lawlessness (the Antichrist) is revealed, the same is not true for the rapture of the church, an imminent event which can occur at any moment. The short timeframe for the development of molecular manufacturing and the inevitable global government that will follow it reveal that the “day of the Lord” is close at hand.
Since the bible reveals that the rapture of the church will occur at least seven years before the glorious appearing, we can be certain that the rapture is even closer. In fact, just like molecular manufacturing, the rapture is imminent. Therefore, as good servants of Jesus Christ, we should be ever watchful, faithfully tending to our duties here on earth. For our Lord will return at a moment when He’s least expected, and that moment will occur in our generation.
May He find us abundant with joy and overflowing with the Holy Spirit when He returns.
Britt Gillette is author of BrittGillette.Com, a website studying the links between bible prophecy and advanced technology. To learn more about bible prophecy and global government, visit his site.
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Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), also referred to as improved oil recovery or tertiary oil recovery, is most often achieved by injecting a liquid or gas into an oil reservoir, thereby lowering oil viscosity and increasing the amount of oil available for production. Some of the more common EOR methods include CO2-EOR, thermal EOR and chemical EOR. Microbial EOR and seismic EOR also hold a strong niche in the EOR market. While only about 10% – 30% of oil is typically extracted by conventional oil production processes, EOR methods can enhance these recovery rates by an additional 5% to 20%, on a conservative average.
The global market for EOR, estimated at nearly $62.5 billion (for barrels of crude oil) for 2009, has shown exciting growth since 2005, when it totaled $3.1 billion. Technological challenges, hazy regulations, and costly implementation have often kept oil companies from using EOR. However, EOR is quickly becoming more feasible, due to rising government interest and investment, new technologies, and increased availability of required materials (such as CO2). It is expected EOR will continue to perform extremely well in the world marketplace.
The world’s governments’ interest in EOR has been fueled by a number of factors, the most obvious being an increase in oil production. Besides increasing oil revenue, countries that are able to increase their oil production are often lowering their increase in demand for oil imports. There is also much anticipation regarding the use of CO2-EOR to sequester CO2 permanently in the ground. It is estimated 130 billion tons of CO2 worldwide could potentially be captured through the use of CO2-EOR, which would help to reduce industrial emissions, and in turn reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Some governments are also taking note that EOR has the potential to propel substantial economic growth. In Texas, where EOR now accounts for 20% of its oil production, it is estimated the benefits of EOR production will result in additional revenue of $200 billion and will create 1.5 million jobs.
Many of the world’s oil fields have experienced or are experiencing a decline in oil production; using EOR has the potential to reverse this downward trend. Oman’s historical oil production reflects this; between 2001 and 2007 its oil production fell by 27%, but by 2009, due mostly to EOR projects, oil production increased by 17%.
EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery Worldwide contains comprehensive historical (2005-2009) and forecast (2010-2015) data; plus EOR’s share of overall standard oil production, market size in terms of barrels of oil, and dollar value. This report identifies key trends, regulations, new technologies, economic factors, environmental factors, and industry hurdles affecting the direction and size of market growth, and discusses market size and growth in various countries. Profiles of major – or simply interesting – companies using EOR are also included.
Report Methodology
The information in EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery Worldwide is based on data from government agencies, such as the U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Energy, and the Central Intelligence Agency; trade associations; business, science and law journals; company literature and websites; interviews with key individuals; and from research services and institutes from around the world.
How You Will Benefit from This Report
EOR Enhanced Oil Recovery Worldwide details significant trends, numbers, and technologies for a clear overview of the complex EOR market.
This report will help:
• Managers identify market opportunities and develop implementation plans for EOR.
• Research and development professionals stay on top of competitor initiatives, and to explore the ups and downs associated with EOR projects.
• Advertising agencies working with clients in the oil and energy industries to help design appropriate messages and images for the EOR market.
• Business development executives understand the dynamics of the market and identify possible partnerships.
• Information and research center librarians access vital information.
Table Of Contents
Chapter 1: Executive Summary
Market Scope
Report Methodology
EOR Overview and Regulation
Conventional Oil Recovery Leaves 70% of Oil in Reservoir
EOR Regulations Still in Early Stage of Development
Market Size and Growth
Figure 1-1: Total EOR Market Value Worldwide, 2005-2009 (in billion $)
EOR Share of Total Oil Market About 3.3%
Figure 1-2: EOR Share of Total Oil Market Dollars, 2009 (in %)
EOR Market Value Projected to Reach $1.3 Trillion by 2015
Figure 1-3: EOR Projected Growth Worldwide, in Dollar Value, 2009-2015 (in million $)
EOR Around the World
Saudi Arabia To Use CO2-EOR in World’s Largest Oil Field
Canada’s Alberta Oil Fields Especially Suited for CO2-EOR
Industry Advantages and Hurdles
The Price of Oil Has Reigns on EOR Market
Alternative Fuel Sources Become More Available
Funding for EOR R&D Fueling Market Growth
Not All EOR Methods Suitable for All Oil Fields
Current Technological Advances
Industrial Emissions of CO2 for EOR: Gasification Technology
Brightwater® Reservoir Sweep Efficiency Technology
Saudi Aramco Creating Microscopic Robots for EOR Monitoring
Environmental Factors and Impact
Carbon Capture Storage and Reducing Greenhouse Gases
Environmentalists May Stifle EOR Progress
Abbreviations
Table 1-1: Abbreviations Utilized in This Report
Chapter 2: EOR Overview and Regulation
Definition of EOR
Conventional Oil Recovery Leaves 70% Oil in Reservoir
The Beginnings of EOR
Phases of Oil Recovery
Primary Recovery
Secondary Recovery
Tertiary Recovery
Three Main Methods of EOR
Other Methods of EOR
EOR Regulations Still in Early Stage of Development
Increased Regulation and Market Growth Go Hand In Hand
The Kyoto Protocol
Carbon Emissions Trading Market
Clean Development Mechanism
Joint Implementation
The United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen
OPEC Aims to Coordinate and Unify Policies Among Countries
Fragmented Land Ownership Can be A Nightmare
Chapter 3: Market Size and Growth
Total Oil Production Value Reached Nearly $1.9 Trillion in 2009
Figure 3-1: Dollar Value of Total Worldwide Oil Production, 2005-2009 (in trillion $)
Total Oil Production Jumps in 2008
Figure 3-2: Value of Total Worldwide Oil Production, in Barrels, 2005-2009 (in barrels)
EOR Dollars Reach Nearly $62.5 Billion in 2009
Figure 3-3: Total EOR Market Value Worldwide, 2005-2009 (in billion $)
EOR Production Worldwide Nears 1.4 Billion Barrels in 2009
Figure 3-4: Total EOR Production Worldwide, in Barrels, 2005-2009 (in barrels)
EOR Growth Compared to Total Oil Growth
Figure 3-5: EOR Production Growth Compared to Total Oil Production Growth Worldwide, in Dollars, 2005-2009 (by % change)
EOR Share of Total Oil Market About 3.3%
Figure 3-6: EOR Share of Total Oil Market Dollars, 2009 (in %)
EOR Share of Global Oil Output, by Method
Figure 3-7: Share of Global EOR Output, by Method, 2009 (in barrels)
Worldwide Oil Production Projected to Continue Small Climb
Figure 3-8: Projected Total Oil Production Worldwide, in Barrels, 2009-2015 (in billion barrels)
Projected Worldwide Growth for EOR Monumental
Figure 3-9: Projected EOR Production Worldwide, in Barrels, 2009-2015 (in billion barrels)
EOR Market Value Projected to Reach $1.3 Trillion by 2015
Figure 3-10: EOR Projected Growth Worldwide, in Dollar Value, 2009-2015 (in million $)
EOR Projected Growth, in Three Scenarios
Figure 3-11: EOR Projected Growth Based on Oil Price per Barrel, Three Scenarios, 2009-2015 (in million $)
Table 3-1: EOR Projected Market Value in Dollars Based on Oil Price per Barrel, in Three Scenarios, 2010-2015 (in billions)
High Gas Prices Increase R & D Funding and Propel EOR Market
Figure 3-12: EOR Projected Market Growth, as Influenced by Potential Revenue for the Oil Industry Based on The Price of Oil, In Three Scenarios, 2009-2015 (barrels, in billions)
Table 3-2: EOR Market Growth, as Influenced by Potential Revenue for the Oil Industry, Based on The Price of Oil, 2009-2015 (percent growth in dollars)
EOR’s Share Will Comprise One-third of Total Oil Market by 2015
Figure 3-13: Projected EOR Market Share Worldwide, 2015 (in barrels)
Figure 3-14: Projected EOR Market Share Worldwide, Considering Low Oil Price Scenario, 2015 (in barrels)
Figure 3-15: Projected EOR Market Share Worldwide, Considering High Oil Price Scenario, 2015 (in barrels)
EOR Share Worldwide
Figure 3-16: EOR Share Worldwide, by Country, 2009 (in barrels)
Figure 3-17: EOR Production Worldwide, by Country, 2009 (in barrels)
Countries New to EOR Change Market Share Dramatically
Figure 3-18: Projected EOR Worldwide Market Share of Production in Barrels, by Country, 2015 (in %)
Table 3-3: Projected EOR Worldwide Market Share in Production of Barrels by Country, with Percent Change, 2009-2015 (in %)
OR Has Potential to Increase Global Oil Recovery by 18.0%
Figure 3-19: EOR’s Potential Recovery, Compared to Conventional Methods Based on 2009 Worldwide Proven Reserves (in barrels)
EOR Potential and Proven Oil Reserves, by Country
Figure 3-20: Potential EOR Production by Country Based on 2009 Proven Oil Reserves, 2009 (barrels, in billions)
Table 3-4: Potential Conventional Recovery and EOR Based on Proven Oil Reserves, by Country, 2009 (barrels, in billions)
Potential Reserves Estimated at 14.0 Trillion Barrels
Figure 3-21: Potential EOR Recovery, 2009 (in trillion barrels)
EOR Equipment & Components
Chapter 4: EOR Around the World
Use of EOR Worldwide
Saudi Arabia To Use CO2-EOR in World’s Largest Oil Field
Mature Oilfields in Russia Benefit from EOR
United States Favors CO2-EOR
BRIEF
Clean Coal Power Initiative
The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
EPA Proposes New Well Category and Regulations for EOR
UIC Under Safe Drinking Water Act
National Environmental Policy Act
Tax Credit for CO2-EOR Sequestration in U.S.
Iran Not Investing in EOR
China Has Huge EOR Potential
Brazil Discovers Large Offshore Oil Field
EOR in Mexico Has Helped to Slow Production Decline
Canada’s Alberta Oil Fields Especially Suited For CO2-EOR
Canada’s Energy and Utility Board
Alberta’s Oil & Gas Conservation Regulations
United Arab Emirates Major Expansion Program
EOR in Venezuela Has Potential to Add 40 Billion Barrels
EOR in Kuwait on Hold
Norway’s EOR Production All Offshore
Threats from Armed Rebels Slow Oil Production in Nigeria
Algeria to Claim Roughly 2.4% of EOR Market Share by 2015
Iraq Offers Production-Service Contracts to International Companies
Foreign Oil Companies Invest in Angola’s Oil Fields
Un-Sanctioned Libya Has Freedom to Move Forward
U.K. to Increase Productivity of Mature Fields Through EOR
Qatar Turns to EOR to Offset Anticipated Oil Declines
EOR May Save Oman’s Oil Production
Syria Testing Cyclic-Steam EOR
Chapter 5: Industry Advantages and Hurdles
EOR Market Affects Global Economy
Global Economy Influences EOR Growth
The Price of Oil Has Reigns on EOR Market
Figure 5-1: The Historical Price of Oil, Worldwide Average, 1980-2009 (in dollars per barrel)
Demand for Oil Increasing Worldwide
Table 5-1: Oil Consumption Compared to Production, Exports, and Imports, Selected Countries, 2008 (in millions of barrels per day)
China Soon to Lead World in Energy Consumption
Figure 5-2: Historical and Projected Energy Consumption, Selected Countries (in quadrillion BTUs, 1990-2030)
High Demand for Petroleum Products Worldwide
Stringent Regulations May Stifle EOR Growth
Some Say Up to 1.0 Trillion Barrels of Oil Yet Undiscovered
“Easy” Oil Becoming Scarce
Figure 5-3: Worldwide Oil Share, by Oil Type, 2010
Oily Sands a Hidden Gold Mine
Only About One Quarter of World’s Offshore Oil Produced
Potential CO2-EOR Sequestration Equals Nearly 130 Billion Tons
Figure 5-4: Anthropogenic Providers of CO2 for EOR Use, by Industry Type (Based on tons)
CO2 Industry Expanding Beyond EOR
Non-EOR Storage Options Available For CO2
Increase in CO2 Pipelines Create Market Stability
CO2 Producers Join Forces with EOR Industry
Enhanced Energy and Agrium Sign CO2 Agreement
Dow Chemical Provides CO2 to Denbury Onshore
Hunton’s Coke Gasification ‘Green’ Energy Plant to Deliver CO2
SaskPower to Provide CO2 for EOR Projects
Rancher Signs CO2 Agreement with ExxonMobil
Business Focuses on Developing and Marketing EOR Chemicals
Alternative Fuel Sources Become More Available
BioDiesel
Methanol
Corn Ethanol
Cellulosic Biofuels
Synthetic Fuels
Liquid Coal Fuel
BioFuel from Algae
Solar Powered Cars
Fuel from Clean Coal Technology
Funding for EOR R&D Fueling Market Growth
Canada’s Government Funds Alberta’s 240-Kilometer CO2 Pipeline
Canada Commits $3.4 Billion to Pengrowth’s CO2-EOR Project
Alberta Government Invests $271 Million in Gasification Project
United Kingdom Supporting Large Scale Demonstration in CCS
Increase in EOR Schemes Leads to Job Growth
Electric Cars Decrease Petroleum Demand
Rise of the Automobile in BRIC Countries
EOR Helps Foster Energy Independence in U.S
Material Costs of EOR Fluctuate Wildly
Figure 5-5: Average CO2 Capture Cost, by Source (in tons)
Primary Recovery Methods Become More Advanced
U.S. Oil Market Fears Obama’s Proposals
Commercial CCS in Coal Dependent Developing Countries
Some Countries Heavily Reliant on Money from Oil
Success Stories
DOE Sponsored Project Hits 1.0 Million-Ton Milestone for Injected CO2
Saskatchewan’s Largest Full Scale Study of CO2 Storage
CO2-EOR Established Practice in Texas for More than 35 Years
Wyoming’s Salt Creek Field Under CO2 Flood Since 1986
EOR Industry’s Growing Pains
Not All EOR Methods Suitable for All Oil Fields
EOR Often Has Slow Implementation Process
EOR Startup Costs Can Be High
EOR Not as Viable for Small Producers
EOR in Its Infancy: Unforeseen Hurdles Yet to Come
Pure CO2 from Natural Sources Scarce
CO2 Pipelines Can Be High Maintenance
Future Worth of CO2-EOR Sequestration Sites Should Not Be Overlooked
Natural Disasters Unavoidable
CO2 Can Be Corrosive to Pipes
Peak Oil – Reality Or Myth?
Chapter 6: Current Technological Advances
Industrial Emissions of CO2 for EOR: Gasification Technology
Clean Carbon Technology Cleans up Coal’s Dirty Reputation
MEOR Has Huge Potential, But Still Unreliable
4-D High Resolution Seismic Monitoring
3-D Seismic EOR Increases Production in SOME Wells
Horizontal Drilling Adds 11,000 BOPD to Rajasthan Barmer Field
Modifying CO2 Viscosity to Improve Reservoir Sweeps
BrightWater Reservoir Sweep Efficiency Technology
PetroLuxus Solution Offers “Green” Option for Oil Wells
Powerwave for Broader Distribution of CO2
Saudi Aramco Creating Microscopic Robots for EOR Monitoring
Canada’s Coal to Liquids CO2 Capture Project
Dragon Uses KEP’s Coriba Chemical Technology
Kansai-Mitsubishi Carbon Dioxide Recovery Process
Waterflood and Natural Gas in Alaska’s Prudhoe Bay
Acrylamide Demand in EOR Growing Nearly 5.0% Per Year
Environmentally Friendly EncapSol Nanotechnology
Conoco Investing $400,000/Year for Nanotechnology Research
Some Polymer Flooding Systems Increase Production by 40.0%
Research for EOR Surfactants Ongoing
Joint Implementation of Vapor Extraction
Wettability Alternation Phenomena
Chapter 7: Environmental Factors and Impact
Increase in Oil Production Will Lead to Increase in Emissions
Roughly 83% of GHG Emissions are from CO2
CO2 Emissions Worldwide
Figure 7-1: Worldwide CO2 Emissions, Selected Countries (Based on 2006 data, in megatons)
Historic Emissions of CO2
Table 7-1: Historic CO2 Emissions, Selected Oil Producing Countries (1990-2006, in million metric tons)
Projected Emissions of CO2
Figure 7-2: Projected CO2 Emissions, Selected Oil Producing Countries, 1990-2030 (in million tons)
Carbon Capture Storage and Reducing Greenhouse Gases
EPA Endangerment Finding in the United States a Threat to EOR
Scientists Aim to Debunk Global Warming
CO2 Leakage May Compromise Integrity of EOR Projects
Environmentalists On EOR Land Patrol
Greenpeace Focuses on Oilsands Mining
Monetary Benefits May Outweigh Environmental Impact For Some in Alaska
Environmentalists May Stifle EOR Progress
Chapter 8: Company Strategies
EOR Used Mostly By Majors
Saudi Arabian Oil Company
Table 8-1: Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Profile
Corporate Overview
Performance
Portfolio
EOR Developments
PetroChina Company Limited
Table 8-2: PetroChina Company Limited, Profile
Overview
Portfolio
Performance
EOR Developments
Exxon Mobil Corporation
Table 8-3: Exxon Mobil Corporation, Profile
Corporate Overview
Performance
Portfolio
EOR Developments
Chevron Corporation
Table 8-4: Chevron Corporation, Profile
Corporate Overview
Performance
Portfolio
EOR Developments
Royal Dutch Shell plc
Table 8-5: Royal Dutch Shell plc, Profile
Corporate Overview
Performance
Portfolio
EOR Developments
Cairn Energy PLC
Table 8-6: Cairn Energy PLC, Profile
Corporate Overview
Performance
Portfolio
EOR Developments
Penn West Energy Trust, Incorporated
Table 8-7: Penn West Energy Trust, Incorporated, Profile
Corporate Overview
Performance
Portfolio
EOR Developments
Statoil ASA
Table 8-8: Statoil ASA, Profile
Corporate Overview
Performance
Portfolio
EOR Developments
Enhance Energy, Incorporated
Table 8-9: Enhance Energy, Incorporated , Profile
Corporate Overview
Performance
Portfolio & EOR Developments
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